publish

the function of the "milk cow" to journals is to

“奶牛”期刊的作用是____。

A. boost citation counts for certain authors. 提高某些论文作者的被引用总数

B. help scholars publish articles at low cost. 帮助学者以低成本发表文章

C. instruct first-time contributors in citation. 对首次投稿者进行引用指导

D. increase the readership of new journals. 增加新期刊的读者人数

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[B]

In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.

在一个案例中，一名身兼作者、编辑、咨询顾问三重身份的人至少将 15 份期刊用作“引用提供者”，为三所大学的五名科学家的文章提供“引用服务”。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #4-2

Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.

这种做法可以让一篇文章在发表当年就可累计获得 150 多次引用。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #3-6

The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.

电子出版形式的出现以及论文作者对发表渠道的需求催生了成千上万的新期刊。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #3-1

A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.

发表在期刊《儿童发展》上的一项新研究（研究者为莱顿大学的伊芙琳·克罗恩及其同事）表明，青少年的积极面和消极面相伴随行。

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #2-1

A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.

发表在期刊《儿童发展》上的一项新研究（研究者为莱顿大学的伊芙琳·克罗恩及其同事）表明，青少年的积极面和消极面相伴随行。

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #2-1

Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals.

每年，研究者们在 3 万多份期刊上发表数百万篇论文。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-2

Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?

以下哪种说法最能代表劳尼的观点？

A. Small publishers ought to stick together. 小型出版商应该团结起来。

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance. 大型出版商将失去主导地位。

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time. 出版业正处于艰难时期。

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 出版商合并是一种令人担忧的趋势。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?

以下哪种说法最能代表劳尼的观点？

A. Small publishers ought to stick together. 小型出版商应该团结起来。

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance. 大型出版商将失去主导地位。

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time. 出版业正处于艰难时期。

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 出版商合并是一种令人担忧的趋势。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[C]

Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?

以下哪种说法最能代表劳尼的观点？

A. Small publishers ought to stick together. 小型出版商应该团结起来。

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance. 大型出版商将失去主导地位。

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time. 出版业正处于艰难时期。

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 出版商合并是一种令人担忧的趋势。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?

以下哪种说法最能代表劳尼的观点？

A. Small publishers ought to stick together. 小型出版商应该团结起来。

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance. 大型出版商将失去主导地位。

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time. 出版业正处于艰难时期。

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 出版商合并是一种令人担忧的趋势。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers. "

毕竟近些年最有趣的图书中许多都是出自小型出版商之手。 ”

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-3

"The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.

“出版业常谈论作家和员工的多样化，但它也需要以多种方式来呈现智识的触达、（书作的）选择和不同的声音。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-2

It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.

这场纷争的到来恰逢作家们已是忧心忡忡之时：作家们已在担忧企鹅兰登书屋和另一大型出版商西蒙与舒斯特拟议合并的后果——英国国内不结盟出版商数量的下降可能会导致竞标战更少，（稿酬）预付款更低，出版物雷同度更高。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-1

PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: "Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.

企鹅兰登书屋拒绝就此发表评论，但水石书店的发言人告诉我:“水石书店目前经营中来自企鹅兰登的赊购期限已被缩减，在英国，这是唯一一家对我们的贸易能力施加限制的出版商。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-1

Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.

这两本书都将由企鹅兰登书屋于下周出版发行，而该公司目前与水石书店正处于对峙状态。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-2

I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

我非常想知道得更多一些，却意外地发现，奥曼这份1914年出版的附录却是这场隐秘的战争唯一一份可资参考的材料。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-5

I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

我非常想知道得更多一些，却意外地发现，奥曼这份1914年出版的附录却是这场隐秘的战争唯一一份可资参考的材料。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-5

According to paragraph 1,art-science collaborations have ___

根据第一段可知，艺术与科学的合作已经___。

A. caught the attention of critics.引起了评论家的注意。

B. received favorable responses.得到了积极的响应。

C. promoted academic publishing.促进了学术的出版。

D. sparked heated public disputes.引发了激烈的公共争议。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[C]

According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publisher Elsevier has

根据第二、三段可知，爱思唯尔等科学出版商____。

A. thrived mainly on university libraries. 主要依靠大学图书馆而发展壮大

B. gone through an existential crisis. 经历了一场生死存亡的危机

C. reviewed the publishing industry. 复兴了出版行业

D. financed researchers generously. 为研究人员提供了慷慨资助

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[C]

Scientific publishing is seen as "a license to print money" partly because

科学出版业被视为“一本万利”，部分原因是____。

A. its funding has enjoyed a steady increase. 资金供应稳步增长

B. its marketing strategy has been successful. 营销策略已获成功

C. its payment for peer review is reduced. 同行评议支出减少

D. its content acquisition costs nothing. 内容获取成本为零

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[26]

Scientific publishing is seen as "a license to print money" partly because

科学出版业被视为“一本万利”，部分原因是____。

A. its funding has enjoyed a steady increase. 资金供应稳步增长

B. its marketing strategy has been successful. 营销策略已获成功

C. its payment for peer review is reduced. 同行评议支出减少

D. its content acquisition costs nothing. 内容获取成本为零

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[26]

In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.

在某种程度上，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：人们无偿提供劳动，以期换取社会地位，而赚取巨额利润的却是控制市场的少数大公司。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #7-1

In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.

在某种程度上，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：人们无偿提供劳动，以期换取社会地位，而赚取巨额利润的却是控制市场的少数大公司。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #7-1

These range from around £500 to $5,000, and apparently the work gets more expensive the more that publishers do it.

收费金额从 500 英镑至 5000 美元不等。显然，出版机构提供这项服务的次数越多，其价格越贵。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #6-3

These range from around £500 to $5,000, and apparently the work gets more expensive the more that publishers do it.

收费金额从 500 英镑至 5000 美元不等。显然，出版机构提供这项服务的次数越多，其价格越贵。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #6-3

Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

为满足免费向读者提供文献的需求，出版机构通过向作者收费来负担其准备论文的费用。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #6-2

Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

为满足免费向读者提供文献的需求，出版机构通过向作者收费来负担其准备论文的费用。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #6-2

More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

现在英国的所有科学研究中有一半以上按开放获取的条款出版：要么自发表时起便可免费获取，要么在发表一年或更长时间后才可免费获取，以便出版机构在研究公开发布前盈利。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-3

In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.

在英国，向开放获取出版（模式）的迈进是由资助机构所推动的。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-1

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.

最为猛烈、也是完全违规的抵制是 Sci-Hub 的出现。 Sci-Hub——它有点类似全球性的科学论文影印机——创立于 2012 年，现声称可以提供 2015 年以来发表的所有付费论文的访问权。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-1

The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

荷兰（科学出版）巨头爱思唯尔——自称出版全球 25% 的科学论文——去年盈利超过 9 亿英镑，而光是英国的大学 2016 年就花费了超过 2. 1 亿英镑来使研究者能够获取他们自己的、由公费资助的研究；尽管人们越来越不顾一切地努力改变这两个数字，但它们似乎仍在不可遏制地上涨。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-1

Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

在其他出版业都处于生死存亡之际，科学出版机构照旧汇报其业务利润率接近 40%。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #2-3

With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.

坐拥免费得来的论文，出版商只需要为期刊打开销路即可。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #2-1

Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.

科学家需要期刊来发表自己的研究成果，因此即使没有金钱报酬他们也会供稿。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-2

Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.

科学出版业长期以来一直一本万利。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-1

nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.

今天，任何一个科研岗位的申请者需要发表文章的数量比短短十年前申报同一岗位时整整翻了一番。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-5

A recent paper, titled "The Natural Selection of Bad Science", published on the Royal Society's open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.

最近，一篇发表于英国皇家学会开放科学网站、题为《劣质科学的自然选择》的论文试图回答这个令人不解却又重要的问题。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-2

Why is so much bad science published?

为什么这么多劣质科学被发表？

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-1

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.

我的梦想一直是在时尚和出版之间的领域工作。

考研二 2017年 S3 翻译 #1-4

The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

这部喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》（即《匹克威克外传》）于 1836 年至 1837 年连续刊载，1837 年首次以书籍形式出版。

考研一 2017年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-6

Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.

狄更斯和他的出版商不过是找了位新艺术家（来代替），就坚定地继续工作了。

考研一 2017年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-5

Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story.

《博兹札记》一面世，很快就有一家出版社和狄更斯接触，想让他以每月连载的方式撰写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家罗伯特·西摩系列木版画的背景故事，西摩是该故事构想的原创者。

考研一 2017年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-1

The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine.

首次出版的一篇随笔是《白杨庄晚宴》，当他在《每月杂志》的刊文里发现这篇随笔被登载时，狄更斯热泪盈眶。

考研一 2017年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-1

Sometime in the future, the paper's publisher said back in 2010.

“未来的某一天”，该报出版人早在 2010 年说过。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-3

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.

终有一天《纽约时报》将停止在新闻用纸上发表新闻报道。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-1

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist.

专业的科学家应当知道如何分析数据，但是据细胞生物学家大卫·沃克斯所说，统计错误在已发表的研究中令人震惊地普遍。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-1

"Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.

“大部分期刊在统计审查方面都很薄弱，这种情况有损发表内容的质量。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-2

This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. "

这种影响将不仅仅会遍及《科学》自己发表的文章，也有望波及一大批可能想效法《科学》此举的出版单位。 ”

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-3

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish. "

当被问及是否因为某些特定的论文而促成了这次改变，麦克纳特说：“‘统计委员会’的创建是受对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关切的驱动，也是《科学》为提升其发表研究的可复制性的全面努力的一部分。 ”

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-1

Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal, writes McNutt in an editorial.

“读者必须对我们期刊上发表的研究结论有信心，”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-1

The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

该政策仿效了其它杂志的类似举措，是出于人们对“数据分析中的基本错误导致许多业已发表的研究成果无法复制”的普遍担忧。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-2

That is |1| a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has |2|.

这是由加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学共同发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究|所得出的结论|。

A. when当……时候

B. why为什么

C. how如何

D. what什么

A. defended支持；保护；辩护

B. concluded得出结论；推断

C. withdrawn收回；撤销

D. advised建议，指点；劝告

考研一 2015年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.

但是，总量依然很少：2010 年，全球发表的 100，000 篇社会科学论文中，大约有 1600 篇含有这些关键词之一。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #E-1

It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

可能我们正在形成两类社会科学家群体：一类是学科导向型，在高度专业化期刊上发表文章；一类是问题导向型，在诸如“政策简报”的地方发表文章。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #D-1

But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check.

但是，今天在线发布的一项语言学特征的比较研究提供了一次核查现实的机会。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #4-2

But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check.

但是，今天在线发布的一项语言学特征的比较研究提供了一次核查现实的机会。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #4-2

Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "

今年晚些时候，我们会发布白皮书以确切阐释我们将如何实现该目标。 ”

考研二 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #10-3

In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to |16| a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) |17| expression.

德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨·斯特拉克于 1988 年发表了一项实验，他要求志愿者要么用牙齿|咬住|钢笔，从而产生一个假笑；要么用嘴唇|衔住|钢笔，由此产生一个|失望的|表情。

A. fetch（去）拿来；（去）请来

B. bite咬

C. pick拿走，挑出

D. hold使保持（在某位置）

A. disappointed失望的；沮丧的

B. excited激动的；兴奋的

C. joyful高兴的；快乐的

D. indifferent漠不关心；不感兴趣

考研一 2011年 S1 完形填空 #4-2

These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.

这些人相信新闻写作是他们的天职，并为自己的文章能发表在日报上而感到自豪。

考研一 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #3-4

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

我们与 20 世纪初至二战前夕英国的杂感式报纸评论就更是无缘了，当时，新闻用纸价廉如土，风格独特的艺术评论被看作是对刊登它的出版物的一种装饰。

考研一 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #3-1

Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.

然而 20 世纪出版的相当多的最具重要影响的评论文集大部分由报纸评论组成。

考研一 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #2-2

These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

这些人大规模著书并出版，为新大陆、旧大陆读者所熟悉，为新英格兰营造了一种热切求知的氛围。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #3-3

In the first paragraph, the author discusses

作者在第一段论述的是____。

A. the background information of journal editing. 期刊编辑的背景知识

B. the publication routine of laboratory reports. 实验报告的出版流程

C. the relations of authors with journal publishers. 作者与期刊出版商的关系

D. the traditional process of journal publication. 传统的期刊出版过程

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[C]

Which of the following is true of the OECD report?

下面有关 OECD 报告的说法中哪项正确？

A. It criticizes government-funded research. 它批评了政府资助的研究项目。

B. It introduces an effective means of publication. 它提出了一种有效的出版方式。

C. It upsets profit-making journal publishers. 它让获利的期刊出版商悻然不快。

D. It benefits scientific research considerably. 它使科学研究受益匪浅。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[C]

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to

在开放存取出版模式中，论文作者需要____。

A. cover the cost of its publication. 承担出版成本

B. subscribe to the journal publishing it. 订阅发表论文的期刊

C. allow other online journals to use it freely. 允许其他网络期刊免费使用他的论文

D. complete the peer-review before submission. 在递交论文之前完成同行专家评议

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[B]

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

下面哪一项最恰当地概括了本文的主旨大意？

A. The Internet is posing a threat to publishers. 网络对出版商正在构成威胁。

B. A new mode of publication is emerging. 新的出版方式正在出现。

C. Authors welcome the new channel for publication. 论文作者乐意接受出版新渠道。

D. Publication is rendered easier by online service. 网络服务使出版更容易。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[A]

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to

在开放存取出版模式中，论文作者需要____。

A. cover the cost of its publication. 承担出版成本

B. subscribe to the journal publishing it. 订阅发表论文的期刊

C. allow other online journals to use it freely. 允许其他网络期刊免费使用他的论文

D. complete the peer-review before submission. 在递交论文之前完成同行专家评议

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[29]

There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published.

第二种是开放存取出版，通常依靠作者（或其所属机构）支付论文出版费用。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-5

They publish more than 1. 2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

它们每年在近 16，000 种期刊中刊登超过 120 万篇论文。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-5

The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.

国际科学、技术和医学出版商协会称，全球有超过 2000 家出版公司专门从事这些学科（科学、技术和医学）的出版。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-4

In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion.

在美国，核心科学出版市场的估值在 70 亿到 110 亿美元之间。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-3

The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.

这篇由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰·霍顿和 OECD 的格莱汉姆·维克利共同撰写的报告，让那些迄今为止赚取了丰厚利润的出版商读起来心情沉重。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #2-4

The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality.

因特网——以及来自资助机构的压力，这些机构质问，商业出版商为什么通过限制科研成果的获取从政府资助的研究项目中获利——正在使自由获取科研成果成为现实。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #2-2

Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

论文的版权归属于期刊出版商，想要查询该研究成果相关信息的研究者不得不订阅该期刊。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-5

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only |7| that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.

他与另外两位科学家一起发表了一篇论文，其中不仅|表明|某人类族群比其他族群智商更高，而且阐明了导致这一现象的过程。

A. advises建议

B. suggests建议；显示，（间接）表明

C. protests抗议；断言

D. objects反对，不赞成

考研一 2008年 S1 完形填空 #2-2

According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新论文可知，一个新渔场在开发之初的 15 年中大型食肉鱼类（猎食其他动物的鱼类）的生物量平均减少了 80%。

考研一 2006年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-5

In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功：这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #1-6

But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

但由佐治亚州亚特兰大市埃默里大学的萨拉·布鲁斯南和弗兰斯·德·瓦尔完成的一项刚刚发表于《自然》上的研究表明，这也是“猴之常情”。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #1-5

However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be |27| to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, |28|, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, |29| student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充满了如此之多的竞争，以至于策划一些胜者多败者少的活动是十分|明智的|。 |例如|，出版有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，|展示|学生的艺术作品，组织读书研讨俱乐部等。

A. improper不正当的，不诚实的；不恰当的，不合适的

B. risky有风险或危险的

C. fair合理的，公平的，公正的

D. wise充满智慧的，明智的，有判断力的

A. in effect实际上，事实上（表强调）

B. as a result作为……的结果，由于（表因果）

C. for example例如（表例证）

D. in a sense在某种意义上

A. displaying展示，陈列

B. describing描写，描述，描绘

C. creating创造，创建

D. exchanging交换，交流

考研一 2003年 S2 完形填空 #1-5

Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

与之相对照的是，我们正目睹似乎比以往任何时候都多的很虚伪的景象：美国物质主义的批评家在南安普顿拥有避暑别墅；激进书籍的出版商在三星级宾馆就餐；鼓吹在人生各个阶段施行参与式民主制的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 5 #2-4

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological Utopia.

如果把这个术语用在“隐形炸弹人”身上，几乎不会有什么人反对。这个人在 1995 年公开发表声明，蔑视科学、渴望回到前技术时代的理想社会。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #6-1