productivity

Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed.

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part B #4-1

It can be learned from the text that fake grass ____.

从本文中可以得知人造草坪____。

A. is being improved continuously 正在不断得到改进

B. has seen a market share decline 市场份额有所下降

C. is becoming increasingly affordable 价格变得越来越实惠

D. has been a controversial product

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #选项[D]

It can be learned from the text that fake grass has been a controversial product.

从本文中可以得知人造草坪____。

A. is being improved continuously 正在不断得到改进

B. has seen a market share decline 市场份额有所下降

C. is becoming increasingly affordable 价格变得越来越实惠

D. has been a controversial product 一直是一个有争议的产品

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #Q[25]

The |6| was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product.

问题出在太多的客户一直在使用其产品的基础免费版本。

A. rumor传闻；谣言

B. secret秘诀；诀窍

C. myth神话故事，虚构的东西；荒诞的说法

D. problem

考研二 2023年 S1 完形填空 #2-4

Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the |5| departments of engineering, marketing and product development.

在组建增长团队之前，软件公司 BitTorrent 的 50 名员工分别工作于传统的工程部、市场营销部及产品开发部。

A. identical完全相同的；一模一样的

B. marginal不重要的；边缘的

C. provisional暂时的；临时的

D. traditional

考研二 2023年 S1 完形填空 #2-2

Larry Brown is excited about his progress in ___.

拉里·布朗对他在___方面取得的进步感到兴奋。

A. reducing the damage of worms减少虫害

B. accelerating the disposal of uses加快粪便处理

C. creating a sustainable system.创造一个可持续的系统

D. attracting customers to his products吸引顾客购买他的产品

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #选项[D]

The example of organic eggs is used in the paragraph 4 to suggest ___.

第四段使用有机鸡蛋的例子来说明___。

A. the doubts to over natural feeds（人们）对天然饲料的怀疑

B. the setbacks in the eggs industry蛋品行业经历的挫折

C. the potential of regenerative products再生产品的潜力

D. the promotional success of super markets超市在营销上取得的成功

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #选项[C]

John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton overregenerative products' markets prospects.

约翰·布伦克尔与朱莉·斯坦顿在再生产品的___方面也许会有分歧。

A. markets prospects市场前景

B. standard definition标准定义

C. nutritional value营养价值

D. moral implication道德意蕴

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #Q[25]

The example of organic eggs is used in the paragraph 4 to suggest the potential of regenerative products.

第四段使用有机鸡蛋的例子来说明___。

A. the doubts to over natural feeds（人们）对天然饲料的怀疑

B. the setbacks in the eggs industry蛋品行业经历的挫折

C. the potential of regenerative products再生产品的潜力

D. the promotional success of super markets超市在营销上取得的成功

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #Q[23]

Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).

这种农业生产方式对食用农产品起到的改良作用也是微乎其微，甚至为零（尽管一些生产商说他们的鸡蛋含有更多的蛋白质）。

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #5-2

Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine.

宾夕法尼亚州立大学布兰迪万分校的农业经济学副教授朱莉·斯坦顿说，再生产品可能很难被市场接受，因为这个概念很难用三言两语解释清楚。

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #5-1

In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart.

在短短十多年的时间里，有机鸡蛋从天然食品店里无人问津的小众产品变成了沃尔玛大卖场的商品。

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #4-2

The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering.

研究报告的合著者、加州大学河滨分校的哲学家埃里克·施维茨格贝尔表示，他们选择这种特定行为的原因有三：学生对吃肉的看法多变且不稳定，吃肉行为很容易衡量，道德文献大多认为少吃肉有益，因为这样能减少对环境的危害以及给动物的痛苦。

考研二 2022年 TEXT1 #4-1

In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.

在2019年一项涵盖5. 3万个产品页面和1.1万个网站的研究中，研究人员发现大约有十分之一的页面或网站运用了这些设计手法。

考研二 2022年 TEXT 3 #3-1

Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commission support?

生产力委员会会支持下列哪项措施？

A. Imposing reasonable wage restraints.施加合理的薪资限制。

B. Enforcing employment protection laws.}强制实施就业保护法。

C. Limiting the powers of business owners.限制企业主的权力。

D. Dismissing poorly performing managers.解雇表现不佳的经理。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #Q[38]

Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.

严苛的解雇法规会对生产率增长产生不利影响，进而阻碍社会繁荣和整体福祉。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #7-2

Indeed, in "An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox" (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.

事实上，在《国际视角下的新西兰生产率悖论》(2014)一文中，新西兰生产力委员会特别指出：管理能力低下是该国生产率增长数据不佳的原因之一。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #5-2

If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.

就业保护法限制企业主解雇表现不佳的经理，即使不致（员工的）工作岗位岌岌可危，这些法律也会限制企业的生产效率，从而限制员工的薪资。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #5-1

As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance.

正如无数董事会和企业主会证实的一样，限制企业解雇表现不佳的高薪经理会阻碍企业的生产效率以及整体业绩的提高。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #3-2

We need to use it as carefully and as |19| as we can.

我们要尽可能谨慎、|有效地|利用时间。

A. peacefully平静地

B. generously慷慨地

C. productively有效地

D. gratefully感激地

考研二 2022年 S1 完形填空 #5-3

What can we learn from the last paragraph?

从最后一段我们可以得知什么？

A. Generating new products takes time. 创造新产品需要时间。

B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks. 直觉可能会影响思考性工作。

C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity. 理解词汇需要创造力。

D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness. 客观思维可提升直觉力。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[A]

In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).

在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组八项任务，其中四项运用了深度思索能力（辨识规则、理解词汇），另外四项运用了直觉与创造力（创造新产品或修辞格）。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #5-2

What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?

Wunderlist和Sunrise被收购后的真实情况如何？

A. Their engineers were retained. 他们的工程师被留用。

B. Their market values declined. 他们的市场价值下降。

C. Their tech features improved. 他们的科技性能得到提升。

D. Their products were re-priced. 他们的产品被重新定价。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend to ___.

微软的批评者认为，大型科技公司往往会____。

A. exaggerate their product quality 夸大他们的产品质量

B. eliminate their potential competitors 消灭他们的潜在竞争对手

C. treat new tech talent unfairly 不公正地对待新技术人才

D. ignore public opinions 忽视公众的意见

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products.

然而，这两款应用后来都被下架了，微软表示已将其最佳性能融入到了自身产品中。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-1

Microsoft's own Office dominates the market for "productivity" software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.

微软自创的Office在“生产效率”软件市场独占鳌头，而这两家初创企业则代表了智能手机领域全新科技的一股新潮。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-2

According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that

费拉罗认为，印度尼西亚的 CCT 计划非常有价值，因为____。

A. it will benefit other Asian countries. 它会使亚洲其他国家受益

B. it will reduce regional inequality. 它将减少地区不平等

C. it can protect the environment. 它可以保护环境

D. it can benefit grain production. 它有利于粮食生产

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[D]

The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK ___.

利兹大学的报告显示，在英国____。

A. farmland has been inefficiently utilized 农田的利用效率低下

B. factory-style production needs reforming 工厂式生产需要改革

C. most land is used for meat and dairy production 大部分土地被用于肉类和奶制品生产

D. more green fields will be converted for farming 将有更多绿色原野被转为耕作用地

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[C]

The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK ___.

利兹大学的报告显示，在英国____。

A. farmland has been inefficiently utilized 农田的利用效率低下

B. factory-style production needs reforming 工厂式生产需要改革

C. most land is used for meat and dairy production 大部分土地被用于肉类和奶制品生产

D. more green fields will be converted for farming 将有更多绿色原野被转为耕作用地

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[B]

The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK most land is used for meat and dairy production.

利兹大学的报告显示，在英国____。

A. farmland has been inefficiently utilized 农田的利用效率低下

B. factory-style production needs reforming 工厂式生产需要改革

C. most land is used for meat and dairy production 大部分土地被用于肉类和奶制品生产

D. more green fields will be converted for farming 将有更多绿色原野被转为耕作用地

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[27]

Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.

就算我们把所有条件适宜的土地都变成果蔬园地——这会牵扯到取消所有的自然保护区以及让成千上万的人们搬离家园——我们能实现的粮食产量增长也只有 30% 而已。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-4

To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.

英国若想大幅提高自给率，就要急剧减少食用动物性食品，并且或许还需要更集约地从事农业活动——这意味着绿色原野减少、工厂式生产增加。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-2

According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.

英国利兹大学关于“英国粮食生产”的报告中指出，英国土地总面积的 85% 与肉类及奶制品的生产相关联。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-1

With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.

预计到 2050 年，全球人口将多达近 100 亿，预测若要跟上步伐，某些地区的农业产量需接近翻倍，因此，粮食保障问题在越来越多地占据头条新闻。

考研二 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-1

Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a |17|.

所有事都能以更快的速度、更低的价格完成，但是需要付出｜代价｜。

A. task任务；工作

B. secret秘密；诀窍

C. product产品；产物

D. cost代价；费用；成本

考研二 2021年 S1 完形填空 #选项[C]

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ___.

由末段可知，汽车公司____。

A. will raise low-emission car production 将增加低排放汽车的产量

B. should be forced to follow regulations 应被强制要求遵守规章制度

C. will upgrade the design of their vehicles 将升级其机动车设计

D. should be put under public supervision 应被置于公众监督之下

考研二 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

为满足免费向读者提供文献的需求，出版机构通过向作者收费来负担其准备论文的费用。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #6-2

Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

其他科学家亦无偿进行同行评议的专业性工作，因为同行评议是获得学术地位以及缔造科学知识的一项核心要素。

考研一 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-3

Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor.

玉米、棉花、水稻、大豆和小麦的生产已基本实现机械化，但许多高价值、劳动密集型农作物需要劳动力，比如草莓。

考研二 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-2

Grade inflation — the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades — is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.

分数膨胀——平均 GPA（GPA 指“平均学分绩点”）在过去数十年间的逐渐攀升——往往被视为高等教育进入消费者时代的产物，在这个时代，学生被当作需要被取悦的消费者看待。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-1

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.

斯利尼·皮莱，哈佛医学院的一位精神病学助理教授，认为“闲暇时光”与“生产效率”之间有违直觉的联系可能源于我们大脑的运作方式。

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #7-1

Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.

根本原因在于，USPS正身陷“历史性挤压”：一面是技术变革导致对其核心产品（普通邮件）的需求永久性降低；一面是监管体系使得其管理层无法灵活调整业务以适应新现实。

考研一 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-5

According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its ___.

根据第一段，Facebook收购WhatsApp是为了后者的____。

A. digital products 数字产品

B. user information 用户信息

C. physical assets 有形资产

D. quality service 优质服务

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.

它们售卖的产品是数据，而我们这些用户，将我们的生活转化为数据，为数字巨头盈利之用。

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-1

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing - Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $ 13. 5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all.

数字经济巨头的势力及野心十分惊人——亚马逊公司刚刚宣布以 135 亿美元的价格收购高端连锁食品店Whole Foods，而在两年前，Facebook甚至出资更高收购了压根儿没有任何实体产品的WhatsApp（即时）通讯服务。

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-1

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution.

一方面，那种观点是美国发展的合理产物。

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #5-1

Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.

同样，自动化最终会促进生产力，通过压低价格刺激需求，并将工人从辛苦乏味的工作中解放出来。

考研一 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #3-4

According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to absorb user attention.

根据詹妮·拉德斯基的观点，数字产品的设计初衷在于____。

A. simplify routine matters 简化日常事务

B. absorb user attention 吸引用户注意力

C. better interpersonal relations 改善人际关系

D. increase work efficiency 提高工作效率

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[26]

Tech is designed to really suck you in, says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.

“科技旨在真正让你卷入其中，”詹妮·拉德斯基在她的数字消遣研究中说道，“而且数字产品是为了促进最大参与度。

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-2

It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a "legacy product"

从第五、六段可以推知“传承产品”____。

A. helps restore the glory of former times. 有助于恢复昔日辉煌

B. is meant for the most loyal customers. 专为最忠诚的顾客打造

C. will have the cost of printing reduced. 会让印刷成本降低

D. expands the popularity of the paper. 加大报纸受欢迎程度

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #Q[38]

In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.

换句话说，如果你要做纸质版，就专为那些已经沉迷于纸质版的人而做。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #6-4

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.

这一想法是：最忠实的顾客仍然会购买他们青睐的产品，而且他们会感觉像是在帮忙维护自己信赖产品的质量。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #6-1

I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.

“我会提价并将其打造为一种更具传承意义的产品。 ”

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #5-7

According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

根据第二段内容可知，CSR 通过____使企业受益。

A. guarding it against malpractices. 防范企业做出不法行为

B. protecting it from being defamed. 保护企业名誉免遭诋毁

C. winning trust from consumers. 赢得来自消费者的信任

D. raising the quality of its products. 提高企业的产品质量

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

研究提出，由于检察官不会将消费某公司的产品作为其调查的一部分，所以他们只可能被光环效应影响。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-3

Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.

第二，客户可能愿意购买某一公司的产品，以作为捐助该企业所帮助慈善事业的间接方式。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-4

First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality.

第一，消费者可能会将 CSR 支出看作是企业产品质量高的“标识”。

考研一 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-3

Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ___.

科尔蒂纳认为早点接触计算机科学会使____变得更容易。

A. complete future job training 完成未来工作培训

B. remodel the way of thinking 重塑思维方式

C. formulate logical hypotheses 构想逻辑假设

D. perfect artwork production 完善艺术制作

考研二 2016年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #选项[D]

They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks.

他们更高效，更有创造力，且愿意去冒更大风险。

考研二 2016年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物，一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特点的欧洲各民族的迁入，二是一个新国家因改变了这些特性而产生的影响。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-1

It is a product of thoughts you create.

它是你自己创造出来的一种思维产物。

考研二 2015年 S2 阅读 Part B #3-7

I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

我的确完全同意“恐惧只是我们丰富想象力的产物”这一观点。

考研二 2015年 S2 阅读 Part B #3-11

If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying.

如果我们知道，自己在选择消费品或房屋时看见笑脸会做出过度反应（这是优秀销售代理和不动产代理总是面带笑容的理由之一），就可以在购买之前等一等。

考研二 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-2

DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.

对 Windows 8 而言，DNT 看来并非一个明显巨大卖点——尽管此前微软曾将其他一些产品与谷歌同类产品在这一方面相比有优势。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #7-4

We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.

我们需要他们将美国视作一个能让他们有所成就而无需承诺永久居住的地方。

考研二 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-2

There will always be change - new jobs, new products, new services.

变化将会永远存在—新岗位，新产品，新服务。

考研二 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #5-1

First, it is very |7| to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the |8| form of payment.

其一，建立使电子货币成为|主要|支付方式的计算机、读卡器以及电信网络是非常|昂贵|的。

A. expensive昂贵的，花钱多的

B. imaginative富有想象力的

C. sensitive敏感的，灵敏的

D. productive多产的，富有成效的

考研二 2013年 S1 完形填空 #选项[D]

They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.

他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者，这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教、在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。

考研二 2012年 S3 翻译 #2-4

One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium—television—and television is defined by downloading.

这种“创造金字塔”持续存在的一个原因是过去的半个世纪内，世界上大多数媒体文化被一种单一媒体——电视——所定义了，而电视的本质就是下载。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part B #F-1

Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.

即使社交网络普遍出现之后，“创造金字塔”依然存在：一小部分人上传资料，稍多一些人对那些资料进行评论或修正，而绝大多数人只是安于消费。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part B #8-2

The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique.

联网电脑是一种令人惊叹的设备，是第一台可以兼具生产方式、传播手段、接收站点以及褒贬评价平台的媒介机器。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part B #4-1

Those who are against gene patents believe that ___.

基因专利反对者认为 ____。

A. genetic tests are not reliable 基因检测不可靠

B. only man-made products are patentable 只有人造产品能申请专利

C. patents on genes depend much on innovation 基因专利很大程度上取决于创新

D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests 法庭应该限制基因检测

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

Those who are against gene patents believe that only man-made products are patentable.

基因专利反对者认为 ____。

A. genetic tests are not reliable 基因检测不可靠

B. only man-made products are patentable 只有人造产品能申请专利

C. patents on genes depend much on innovation 基因专利很大程度上取决于创新

D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests 法庭应该限制基因检测

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[32]

In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature . .. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."

十月，司法部针对Myriad案提交的案情摘要中提出，分离的DNA分子“就像从棉花籽中分离出的棉纤维一样，是自然的产物”。

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-6

Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.

批评者主要提出了三条反对基因专利的理由：基因是自然的产物，所以不可申请专利；基因专利抑制了创新而非奖励创新；专利垄断限制了人们对基因测试的使用，如对Myriad基因测试的使用。

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-3

The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by ___.

作者认为我们对儿童心理发展的认知深受 ____ 的影响。

A. the observation of children's nature 对儿童本性的观察

B. the marketing of products for children 儿童产品的市场营销

C. researches into children's behaviour 对儿童行为的研究

D. studies of childhood consumption 对儿童消费的研究

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[B]

The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by the marketing of products for children.

作者认为我们对儿童心理发展的认知深受 ____ 的影响。

A. the observation of children's nature 对儿童本性的观察

B. the marketing of products for children 儿童产品的市场营销

C. researches into children's behaviour 对儿童行为的研究

D. studies of childhood consumption 对儿童消费的研究

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[28]

So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.

因此，各个学科不仅形成了对知识生产的垄断，还有对知识生产者的培养的垄断。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #E-5

If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes — by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events, he said.

“如果我们真的有担当，我们也许甚至已经开始把高热量的快餐等同于香烟一样考虑了—在广告、产品植入以及体育赛事赞助等问题上设置严格的限制，”他说。

考研二 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #6-2

But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.

但是医疗界的资深专家们希望关闭校园周边的快餐店，限制高脂、高盐和高糖产品的广告，并且限制诸如麦当劳等快餐生产商对体育赛事的赞助。

考研二 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #3-1

Consumers may create "earned" media when they are

消费者可能创建“免费（口碑）”媒介，当他们____时。

A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites. 着迷于在某个网站进行网络购物

B. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. 受到发送给他们的产品促销邮件的启发

C. eager to help their friends promote quality products. 渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品

D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

Consumers may create "earned" media when they are

消费者可能创建“免费（口碑）”媒介，当他们____时。

A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites. 着迷于在某个网站进行网络购物

B. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. 受到发送给他们的产品促销邮件的启发

C. eager to help their friends promote quality products. 渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品

D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[C]

Consumers may create "earned" media when they are

消费者可能创建“免费（口碑）”媒介，当他们____时。

A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites. 着迷于在某个网站进行网络购物

B. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. 受到发送给他们的产品促销邮件的启发

C. eager to help their friends promote quality products. 渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品

D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会努力说服他人抵制产品，从而危及目标公司的声誉。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-1

Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.

这种“劫持媒介”是免费（口碑）媒介的反面：一种资产或一个商业活动被消费者、其他利益相关者或激进主义分子劫持为人质，对某一品牌或产品发表负面评论。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-2

Johnson&Johnson;, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.

例如，强生公司创建了宝宝中心（BabyCenter），它是一家独立的媒介资产，用于推广互补性甚至是竞争性的产品。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-6

Johnson&Johnson;, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.

例如，强生公司创建了宝宝中心（BabyCenter），它是一家独立的媒介资产，用于推广互补性甚至是竞争性的产品。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-6

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.

付费媒介和自有媒介由推销自己产品的营销商掌控。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-1

Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.

热衷某一产品的消费者可以通过自愿将之推荐给朋友的方式，创建“赢得（口碑）”媒介；企业可以通过给在其网站上注册的消费者发送关于产品及减价信息的电子邮件提示，充分利用“自有”媒介。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-4

Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ___.

一些报社不愿意向偏远郊区递送可能是由于 ____。

A. readers threatened to pay less 读者威胁减少付费

B. newspapers wanted to reduce costs 报社想要削减成本

C. journalists reported little about these areas 记者很少对这些地区进行报道

D. subscribers complained about slimmer products 订阅者抱怨报纸的内容减少

考研二 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[D]

Readers are paying more for slimmer products.

读者付费更多却获得缩水的内容。

考研二 2011年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-4

All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.

总而言之，这看起来显然是一个对大型零售商有利的市场，他们利用庞大规模、现有基础设施、以及在产品系列、物流和市场信息等方面成熟的管理技能来获利。

考研一 2010年 S2 阅读 Part B #D-1

From the text we know that some of consumers' habits are developed due to ___.

从文中可以得知，消费者产生某些消费习惯的原因是 ____。

A. perfected art of products 产品的完美艺术性

B. automatic behavior creation 自动的行为塑造

C. commercial promotions 商业推广

D. scientific experiments 科学实验

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?

下面选项中哪一项不属于能塑造人们习惯的产品？

A. Tide. 汰渍。

B. Crest. 佳洁士。

C. Colgate. 高露洁。

D. Unilever. 联合利华。

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[33]

Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.

“生成积极习惯是改善消费者生活的重要部分，它也对使新产品具有商业可行性至关重要。 ”

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-2

Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter ＆ Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year.

最近从宝洁退休的消费心理学家卡罗尔·伯宁说：“如果能成为每天或每周的惯例，那我们的产品就成功了”。宝洁公司去年卖出了 760 亿美元的汰渍、佳洁士和其他产品。

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-1

Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.

后来，饮料公司开始将遥远地带的泉水装入瓶中，现在办公室职员整天都在不假思索地喝着瓶装水。

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-2

If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits.

如果你观察得足够仔细，就会发现我们每天都在使用的许多产品—口香糖、润肤乳、消毒湿巾、空气清新剂、净水器、健康小吃、牙齿美白剂、衣物柔顺剂、维生素等，都是“制造习惯”的产物。

考研二 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-1

Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.

无独有偶，一些华尔街投资公司也都以金融产品专利来武装自己，即使它们在法庭案例中表示反对这一做法。

考研一 2010年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-5

|12| the descriptions on record, no systematic |13| was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

|与|所记录的描述|相反|，没有发现系统的|证据|表明生产效率的水平与照明变化之间存在关联。

A. Contrary to与……相反的

B. Consistent with与……一致，相符

C. Parallel with与……平行的；与……类似

D. Peculiar to为……所专用的，特有的

A. evidence根据，证据

B. guidance引导，指导

C. implication含意，内涵；暗指

D. source来源；根源

考研一 2010年 S1 完形填空 #3-3

It did not |6| what was done in the experiment; |7| something was changed, productivity rose.

实验中做什么无关|紧要|；|只要|发生了某种变化，生产效率就会提高。

A. conclude得出结论；推断

B. matter事关紧要；重要

C. indicate显示，表明

D. work有效，起作用

A. as far as就……而言；达到……程度

B. for fear that以免，唯恐

C. in case that以防万一；如果，假使

D. so long as只要

考研一 2010年 S1 完形填空 #2-3

It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting |1| workers' productivity.

该委员会希望能弄清楚车间照明是如何|影响|工人的生产效率的。

A. affected影响

B. achieved获得，达到

C. extracted提取；获得（利益、好处）

D. restored恢复，修复

考研一 2010年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #1-5

Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

因此，在他看来，文化的各个方面，诸如家庭结构、婚姻形式、亲属分类、财产所有权、政府形式、技术、食品生产体系等，都随着社会的进化而改变。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part B #E-1

According to the last paragraph, development of education

根据最后一段，教育的发展____。

A. results directly from competitive environments. 由竞争的环境直接促成

B. does not depend on economic performance. 不取决于经济表现

C. follows improved productivity. 在生产力提高之后

D. cannot afford political changes. 经不起政治变革

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[C]

A major difference between the Japanese and U. S workforces is that

日本和美国劳动力的主要区别在于____。

A. the Japanese workforce is better disciplined. 日本劳动力的纪律性更强

B. the Japanese workforce is more productive. 日本劳动力的生产力更高

C. the U.S workforce has a better education. 美国劳动力的受教育程度更高

D. the U.S workforce is more organized. 美国劳动力更有组织性

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

相反，对生产力提高的限制解释了为什么这些国家的教育没能发展得更快。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-6

A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.

但是，正规教育的缺乏并不会限制发展中国家劳动人口在可预见的未来从本质上提高生产力。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-5

As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.

随着教育的改善，人类生产力潜能也得到了提高。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-1

Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

只有当人类开始更有效率地获取食物之后，他们才有考虑其他事情的时间。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-5

More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

更近些时候，研究者在调查住宅建设时发现，尽管建筑业的工作很复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯敦市那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却始终能达到劳动生产力的最佳实践标准。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-1

Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.

然而研究表明，本田、日产、丰田（三家日本汽车商）在美国的工厂达到了日本本土工厂生产力的约 95%，这归功于美国工人接受的在职培训。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-4

Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.

从过去到现在，日本在汽车装配生产力方面一直都保持全球领先地位。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-3

The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

某研究机构的多项研究结果一致表明，所有国家的工人生产力都可以通过在职培训从根本上得到提高，由此从根本上提高生活水平。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-4

For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.

比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公共利益这样的观念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中就如同在法庭上一样发挥作用。

考研一 2007年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-5

There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.

一方是皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC），它在埃文河畔的莎士比亚纪念剧院上演精彩绝伦的剧目。

考研一 2006年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-2

This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.

这也意味着欧洲国家之间需要达成协议，创建一个电视节目制作的欧洲银行，该银行可参照欧洲投资银行的模式，处理制作成本方面必要的财务问题。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #5-2

In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.

为了达到这些目标，我们必须更关注联合制作、交换新闻、文献服务及培训。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #5-1

Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.

另外，欧洲社会一体化将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更密切地合作。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #3-1

As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.

作为一名年仅 68 岁的人，我希望像他们一样在老龄阶段保持创造力。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 4 #4-6

Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.

毕竟现在精力充沛的人通常能工作到 60 多岁甚至更久，并仍然保持惊人的创造力。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 4 #4-2

Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.

软件、咨询及移动电话消耗的石油，比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-3

According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _____.

按照作者观点，推动合并和收购浪潮的动力之一是____。

A. the greater customer demands 更大的顾客需求

B. a surplus supply for the market 市场的供给过剩

C. a growing productivity 日益增长的生产力

D. the increase of the world's wealth 世界财富的增长

考研一 2001年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[C]

Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?

当一个国家对违反公平竞争的行为控制过于严格时，跨国公司难道不会将其生产地从一个地方转移到另一个地方？

考研一 2001年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #5-4

As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.

随着生产力的提高，全世界的财富也在增长。

考研一 2001年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #3-3

In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms.

例如，在阿根廷，经过 90 年代初的改革之后，在 200 家大型企业中，跨国公司的工业产量从 43% 增加到近 70%。

考研一 2001年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #2-5

International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.

国际子公司在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的经济体中所占产量份额快速增长。

考研一 2001年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #2-4

It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.

这也就意味着政府被迫越来越多地干预这些产业部门，以便提高生产率，确保产品的消费发挥最佳效益。

考研一 2000年 P4 翻译 #1-4

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.

毫无目标几乎从来都不是战后日本的典型特征，其生产率与社会和谐度令美国和欧洲称羡。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #1-1

Futurists claim that we must _____.

未来主义者宣称我们必须____。

A. increase the production of literature 增加文学作品的创作数量

B. use poetry to relieve modern stress 用诗歌来减轻现代压力

C. develop new modes of expression 开发新的表达方式

D. avoid using adjectives and verbs 避免使用形容词和动词

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #选项[A]

It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington D. C.

华盛顿特区的智囊团——卡托研究院的史蒂芬·莫尔也说：“我们的企业正在提高生产率，作为一名美国人，我感到自豪。 ”

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #4-6

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.

农民若想成功，就必须在消费和生产之间努力保持一个大的差距。

考研一 2000年 P2 完形填空 #1-1

The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

Virtual Vineyards 和 Amazon. com 及其他（网络商务）先锋的例子表明：若网站销售适类商品，并将互动、热情和安全完美结合，则必将吸引网上客户。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #4-2

Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events.

Virtual Vineyards 等公司已经开始采用类似的技术将有关特价销售、产品促销或其他活动的信息推送给用户。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #3-6

Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.

这种企业对企业（网络）交易是合乎情理的，因为商人通常清楚地知道他们寻找的是什么样的产品。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #1-3

More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.

最近，随着网络被证实不仅仅是一种时尚，公司之间已开始相互交易产品和服务。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #1-2

The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that _____.

Schutt 头盔的案例说明____。

A. some injury claims were no longer supported by law 某些因为伤害提出的索赔不再受法律的保护

B. helmets were not designed to prevent injuries 头盔不是被设计用来防止伤害的

C. product labels would eventually be discarded 产品标签最终将被淘汰

D. some sports games might lose popularity with athletes 运动员可能不再热衷于某些体育运动项目

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #选项[C]

Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to _____.

文中提及生产厂商往往____。

A. satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products 通过在产品上写长长的警示语使顾客满意

B. become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products 诚实描述自己产品的不足

C. make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability 充分利用标签避免法律责任

D. feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern 不得不视顾客安全为自己的第一考虑

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #选项[B]

Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to _____.

文中提及生产厂商往往____。

A. satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products 通过在产品上写长长的警示语使顾客满意

B. become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products 诚实描述自己产品的不足

C. make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability 充分利用标签避免法律责任

D. feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern 不得不视顾客安全为自己的第一考虑

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #选项[A]

If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

如果法律界的这一适度目标能够实现，产品上提供的警示信息就不再是为回避法律责任而设，而是为保护消费者利益而提供了。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #4-8

The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?" Because _____.

作者提出“有劳无获”的问题是因为____。

A. he questions the truth of "no gain without pain" 他怀疑“不劳无获”的真实性

B. he does not think the productivity revolution works 他认为所谓的生产力革命并没有奏效

C. he wonders if the official statistics are misleading 他怀疑官方数字有误导性

D. he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses 他掌握了商业复苏的确凿证据

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #选项[B]

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

下面哪项说法在原文中没有涉及？

A. Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity. 激进的改革对于生产力的增长至关重要。

B. New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity. 新的企业组织方法可能有助于提高生产力。

C. The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability. 降低成本并不一定能带来长期利润。

D. The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings. 顾问是一群无用之辈。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #选项[B]

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

下面哪项说法在原文中没有涉及？

A. Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity. 激进的改革对于生产力的增长至关重要。

B. New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity. 新的企业组织方法可能有助于提高生产力。

C. The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability. 降低成本并不一定能带来长期利润。

D. The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings. 顾问是一群无用之辈。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #选项[A]

Because he does not think the productivity revolution works.

作者提出“有劳无获”的问题是因为____。

A. he questions the truth of "no gain without pain" 他怀疑“不劳无获”的真实性

B. he does not think the productivity revolution works 他认为所谓的生产力革命并没有奏效

C. he wonders if the official statistics are misleading 他怀疑官方数字有误导性

D. he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses 他掌握了商业复苏的确凿证据

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #Q[57]

The official statistics on productivity growth fall short of businessmen's anticipation.

关于生产力增长的官方统计数据____。

A. exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle 排除了商业周期中的正常反弹现象

B. fall short of businessmen's anticipation 没有达到商业人士的预想

C. meet the expectation of business people 达到了商业人士的预想

D. fail to reflect the true state of economy 没有反映出经济的真实状况

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #Q[56]

Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.

另外，公司大部分改革是为了赢利，而赢利并不一定意味着提高生产力：转向新的市场或提高产品质量也会有同样的功效。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #3-3

New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

企业组织新方法——所有那些诸如重新规划和精简规模等的做法——只是推动某一经济整体生产力发展的因素之一，而生产力的发展还受到许多其它因素的驱动，如设备与机械和技术上的联合投资，以及教育和培训上的投资等。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #3-2

There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说的，大量表明生产力飞跃增长的商业传闻与统计数据所反映的情况之间存在着“脱节”。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #2-6

And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978—1987 average.

自 1991 年来，生产力每年增长约 2%，这是 1978 至 1987 年平均增长速度的两倍多。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #2-4

They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1. 2% since 1987.

这些数据表明，即使把制造业和服务业合起来算，1987 年以来生产力也只是平均增长 1. 2%。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #2-2

What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

商界人士自认为由其主导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点则更加难以确定。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #1-4