human

Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.

用于模拟人类互动的算法正在引发许多这样的担忧，尤其是因为没有人能十分确定使用人工智能与客户互动会带来什么结果。

考研一 2023年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-4

Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will switch its focus of memory.

斯帕罗的研究表明，互联网使得人类大脑能够____。

A. analyze information in detail 详细分析信息

B. collect information efficiently 高效收集信息

C. switch its focus of memory 转变记忆焦点

D. extend its memory duration 延长记忆时间

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[31]

And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.

而且，2008 年加州大学洛杉矶分校塞梅尔神经科学和人类行为研究所开展的一项涉及 24 名参与者的研究显示，在精通电脑的老年人中，浏览网页比阅读更能锻炼大脑。

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-3

Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans.

传统上，这个角色是由数据库、图书馆和他人来扮演的。

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-2

In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.

换句话说，人类的记忆不是在退化，而是在“适应新的通信技术”，斯帕罗说。

考研二 2023年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-8

Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the Nova School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on after examining artifacts in museums.

里斯本新大学科技学院的文物保护及修复助理教授若阿纳·莉娅·费雷拉指出，考古学家当初便是在博物馆中考察了人工制品之后，首次界定了人类历史上伟大的材料时代——石器时代、铁器时代等。

考研一 2022年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #7-2

AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

相较于人类，人工智能能浏览更多简历，挑选出更具潜力的求职者。

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part B #G-7

We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

相较于打电话，我们也为客户提供了更好的渠道来完成一些人力所不能及的事情。

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part B #F-6

One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates.

英国一家叫做 Phrasee 的公司称其软件在邮件打开率方面比人工操作高出 10 个百分点。

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part B #4-3

A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities.

塔塔咨询服务公司近期针对制造业和服务业的一项调查发现，当前企业更多地将人工智能应用于计算机对计算机的活动，而不是人类活动的自动化。

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part B #2-1

They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

人们还注意到维多利亚时代的人似乎突然变得更有人情味儿了，因为我们之间相隔的这 100 多年因我们共同的欢笑经历而逐渐消失。

考研一 2021年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-4

We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles.

“我们人类似乎被机器人深深吸引，事实证明其他动物也一样。 ”怀尔斯说道。

考研二 2020年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #7-3

You're only human, and sometimes your kids can |8| you just a little too far.

你只是凡人，可有时你的孩子们可能会把你｜逼｜得有些过头。

A. move移动；改变；感动

B. drag拉，拽；硬拉，强迫

C. push迫使；推动

D. send使（向某方向）移动；使作出（某反应）

考研二 2020年 S1 完形填空 #3-1

|9| studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no |10| evidence that it causes cancer in humans.

|虽然|已有研究表明丙烯酰胺会造成小鼠神经损伤，但是并没有|确凿的|证据表明它会导致人类患癌。

A. Unless除非，如果不

B. Since既然；由于

C. If如果

D. While尽管

A. secondary次要的；中等的

B. external外部的；表面的

C. conclusive结论性的，确凿的

D. negative负面的；消极的；否定的

考研一 2020年 S1 完形填空 #2-4

To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values?

换句话说：我们如何确保智能机器的思维能够反映人类的最高价值观？

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #9-1

It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.

它还承诺，不会部署用途有违国际法或人权的 AI。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #7-2

AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.

AI 目前的“眼力”远不像人类眼力那样精密复杂。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-5

Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.

人类驾驶员有时必须在瞬间作出决策。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-3

Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as "Westworld" and "Humans. "

然而，人类依然痴迷于像人类一样观察、移动和反应的机器人概念，就像《西部世界》《人类》等新近热门科幻电视剧所刻画的那类机器人。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-2

What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists.

目前所谓的通用人工智能——模仿人类思维方式的机器——对科学家们来说一直扑朔迷离。

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #3-1

What makes humans humans?"

是什么让人成其为人？”

考研一 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-2

Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.

就在我们人类依靠森林来吸收我们所产生的相当一部分二氧化碳之时，我们也正在威胁它们的这一能力。

考研二 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-2

And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.

而内疚感，通过刺激我们深入挖掘人性之善，可以鼓励人们弥补错误并修复关系。

考研二 2019年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #3-1

|18|, assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the |19| we leave on the landscape.

|最后|，假设你在人类经常出没的地方迷路，请寻找我们在地面景观上留下的|痕迹|。

A. Finally最后，终于

B. Consequently因此，所以

C. Incidentally顺便提一下；偶然地

D. Generally总体上来说；普遍地

A. memories记忆力；记忆，回忆

B. marks记号；标记；迹象

C. notes笔记；便条

D. belongings所有物；财物

考研一 2019年 S1 完形填空 #5-1

Another |12|: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.

还有个|选择|：登高并寻找人类居住的迹象。

A. problem问题；困难

B. option选择；可选择的东西

C. view（理解）方法、方式；观点

D. result结果，后果

考研一 2019年 S1 完形填空 #4-1

Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.

绝大多数人居住在山谷中，依靠淡水供应生活。

考研一 2019年 S1 完形填空 #2-3

It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

这可不像一种人类的，或者说民主的关系，尽管双方均能够获益。

考研二 2018年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-4

The drive to |10| is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for |11| or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.

｜探索｜的本能需求深深根植于人类体内，几乎无异于人类对｜食物｜或住所的基本需求，芝加哥大学的奚恺元说道。

A. discover发现，找到

B. forgive原谅；宽恕

C. forget忘记，遗忘

D. disagree不同意，反对；不一致

A. pay工资，薪金

B. marriage婚姻；结婚

C. schooling学校教育

D. food食物，食品

考研二 2018年 S1 完形填空 #4-1

|5| people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that |6| pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to |7| with one another.

|当|人们对某个人或机构寄予信任|时|，大脑会释放出催产素，即一种能|产生|愉悦感并触发群居本能的荷尔蒙，这种本能会促使人类彼此之间|融洽相处|。

A. Until直到……为止

B. Unless除非

C. Although虽然；但是

D. When在……情况下

A. selects选择，挑选

B. produces引起，造成；产生

C. applies申请；应用；对……适用

D. maintains保持，维持

A. consult咨询，请教；商量

B. compete竞争，争夺

C. connect连接；（融洽地）沟通，相处

D. compare比较；与……类似

考研一 2018年 S1 完形填空 #2-3

Because humans have an inherent need to |1| uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.

《心理科学》一项新近研究表明，（这是）因为人类生来就有｜消除｜不确定性的需求。

A. protect保护

B. resolve消除，解释清楚；解决

C. discuss商谈，讨论

D. ignore忽视；不理

考研二 2018年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ___.

莫里茨所言及的过度简化的看法是未能____所致。

A. discover the fundamental makeup of nature 挖掘自然的基本构成

B. explore the mechanism of the human systems 探索人类系统的机制

C. maximize the role of landscape in human life 充分发挥地景在人类生活中的作用

D. understand the interrelations of man and nature 掌握人类和自然的相互关系

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[C]

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ___.

莫里茨所言及的过度简化的看法是未能____所致。

A. discover the fundamental makeup of nature 挖掘自然的基本构成

B. explore the mechanism of the human systems 探索人类系统的机制

C. maximize the role of landscape in human life 充分发挥地景在人类生活中的作用

D. understand the interrelations of man and nature 掌握人类和自然的相互关系

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[B]

It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.

“理解并尽力梳理出当今人类与火灾之间关联非常重要。 ”

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #9-2

But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

但是，承认火灾在人类生活中的必然存在这一态度对于形成确保火灾尽可能安全的法律、政策、惯例至关重要，她说。

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #8-2

The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways, he says.

“人类系统与我们所赖以生存的地景相互关联，而且，两者间的影响是双向的，”他说。

考研二 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #7-1

Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

当地爆发了抗议活动，反对建造“三十米望远镜（TMT）”：一个很可能会彻底改变人类宇宙观的巨型天文台。

考研一 2017年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-4

Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

戈尔韦爱尔兰国立大学的一位讲师约翰·丹纳赫说道：“许多工作枯燥乏味、有失体面、有害健康，且对人的潜能是一种浪费。 ”

考研二 2017年 S1 完形填空 #3-5

Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again |1| that technology is replacing human workers.

如今也不例外，学者、作家以及活动家们再一次｜警告｜说技术正取代人工。

A. boasting吹嘘

B. denying否认

C. warning警告

D. ensuring保证

考研二 2017年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.

恰恰是因为处于不同历史时期、来自不同地方、拥有不同社会经历的读者对页面上的相同文字——包括那些涉及人类基本关切的文本——产生不同但却相互重叠的解读，关于这些文本的辩论才在有关信仰和价值观的社会讨论中起着重要作用。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part B #6-5

This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.

这一正常的人体反应通过发出危险信号让我们做好应对准备的方式来保护我们。

考研二 2015年 S2 阅读 Part B #3-4

Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

以下哪一项是末段所暗示的内容？

A. The quality of writings is of primary importance. 稿子的质量居于首要地位。

B. Common humanity is central to news reporting. 共同的人性对新闻报道最为重要。

C. Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. 道德意识对于报纸编辑非常重要。

D. Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. 新闻工作者需要更严格的行业规定。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[B]

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.

编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是为了增进读者的了解认知，不是为了体现所写内容的公正，也不是为了彰显共同的人性。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #6-1

But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit. "

但是“创造出我们想要的社会的是我们、人、我们人民大众，而不是利润”。

考研一 2015年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-3

|18|, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, |19| human beings thrive off of social connections.

|实际上|，这些（参与交流的）通勤者的旅程据称比那些没有沟通的通勤者的旅程更加令人愉悦，这是完全合乎情理的，|因为|人类是在社会交往中发展起来的。

A. In turn相应地，轮流地

B. In fact事实上

C. In particular特别是，尤其

D. In consequence因此

A. unless除非

B. whereas然而；鉴于

C. if如果

D. since因为

考研二 2015年 S1 完形填空 #7-1

Studying this could help |16| why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major |17| factor.

对此加以研究有助于|理解|为何人类进化在过去的 30，000 年间加快了步伐，（其中）社会环境是一个主要的|促成|因素。

A. forecast预测；预报

B. remember记得；记住

C. understand理解；了解

D. express表达

A. unpredictable无法预料的

B. contributory促成的；起作用的

C. controllable可控的；能操纵的

D. disruptive破坏性的，引起混乱的

考研一 2015年 S1 完形填空 #5-2

It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because there's |2| to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.

这是个可悲的现实—我们想要避免和其他人交流的愿望—因为与站在你身边的陌生人交谈会获益|良多|。

A. nothing没有什么

B. little少量

C. another另一个

D. much许多，大量

考研二 2015年 S1 完形填空 #2-1

When he feels down — say, after giving a bad lecture — he grants himself permission to be human.

当他情绪低落时—比如说一次课没讲好—他宽容自己，承认自己是凡人。

考研二 2014年 S3 翻译 #2-2

Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.

贝多芬的音乐往往是从混乱走向秩序，就好像秩序是人类生存所必须的。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #5-1

It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being.

音乐可以是诗意的，哲学的，感官的，或者是数学的，但是在我看来，无论如何，音乐一定是关乎人类灵魂的。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #1-2

At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.

这座城市在公元 600 年前后达到鼎盛，是当时世界上最大人类居住地之一。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part B #B-2

Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.

令人痛心的是，一度在校园里盛行的探索精神已经被“将人文和社会科学用作宣传‘革新的’或者说左翼自由思想的工具”取代。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #4-3

In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.

作为回报，美国人文与科学院成立了人文与社会科学委员会。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #2-2

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education. "

2010 年，国会民主党及共和党要员向美国人文与科学院致函，要求其界定出能够被“联邦/州/地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、私人捐助者等”采取的行动，以“维护国家在人文与社会科学学术研究及教育领域的卓越地位”。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #2-1

The Heart of the Matter, the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

美国人文与科学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得赞扬，因为它肯定了人文与社会科学对美国自由民主体制安全和繁荣的重要性。

考研一 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #1-1

Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often ___.

哈格尔认为，美国的工作通常 ____。

A. performed by innovative minds 由具有创新思想的人完成

B. scripted with an individual style 具有个性风采

C. standardized without a clear target 标准化，没有清晰目标

D. designed against human creativity 被设计成不利于人们发挥创造力

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ___.

根据最后一段可知，布伦乔尔森和迈克菲讨论了 ____。

A. the predictability of machine behavior in practice 机器在操作中的可预测性

B. the formula for how work is conducted efficiently 有效开展工作的方法

C. the ways machines replace human labor in modern times 现代社会机器代替人力的方式

D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 工作中有人类参与的必要性

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ___.

根据最后一段可知，布伦乔尔森和迈克菲讨论了 ____。

A. the predictability of machine behavior in practice 机器在操作中的可预测性

B. the formula for how work is conducted efficiently 有效开展工作的方法

C. the ways machines replace human labor in modern times 现代社会机器代替人力的方式

D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 工作中有人类参与的必要性

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[C]

Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?

下列哪一项最适合做本文题目？

A. How to Innovate Our Work Practices? 如何革新我们的工作方式

B. Machines Will Replace Human Labor 机器将会取代人力

C. Can We Win the Race Against Machines? 我们能赢得与机器的竞赛吗

D. Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations 经济下滑刺激创新

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ___.

根据第一段可知，经济下滑会 ____。

A. ease the competition of man vs. machine 消解人与机器之间的竞争

B. highlight machines' threat to human jobs 凸显机器对人类工作的威胁

C. provoke a painful technological revolution 激起一场痛苦的技术革命

D. outmode our current economic structure 使现在的经济结构变得过时

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed the necessity of human involvement in the workplace.

根据最后一段可知，布伦乔尔森和迈克菲讨论了 ____。

A. the predictability of machine behavior in practice 机器在操作中的可预测性

B. the formula for how work is conducted efficiently 有效开展工作的方法

C. the ways machines replace human labor in modern times 现代社会机器代替人力的方式

D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 工作中有人类参与的必要性

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[34]

S. are often designed against human creativity.

哈格尔认为，美国的工作通常 ____。

A. performed by innovative minds 由具有创新思想的人完成

B. scripted with an individual style 具有个性风采

C. standardized without a clear target 标准化，没有清晰目标

D. designed against human creativity 被设计成不利于人们发挥创造力

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[33]

According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would highlight machines' threat to human jobs.

根据第一段可知，经济下滑会 ____。

A. ease the competition of man vs. machine 消解人与机器之间的竞争

B. highlight machines' threat to human jobs 凸显机器对人类工作的威胁

C. provoke a painful technological revolution 激起一场痛苦的技术革命

D. outmode our current economic structure 使现在的经济结构变得过时

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[31]

In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.

换句话说，我们需要去关注机器“增强”人类劳动力的方式，而不是如何“取代”它。

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #6-3

In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.

简言之，这些工作属于“机器可以比人类做得好出许多”的类型。

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-2

Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.

由于技术在吞噬人类工作方面非常“贪得无厌”，所以这一现象将会继续以难以即时预料的方式重构我们的经济。

考研二 2014年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-4

A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

安宁的圣地（体现的）是人类特有的需要，无论怎样疏于雕琢，它仍与遮风挡雨之所不同，后者（反映的）是动物特有的需要。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-2

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression.

据推测，花园产生于其创造者一种基本的人类需求：对创造性表达的需求。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #1-1

During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.

20 世纪 90 年代晚期，国家对社会科学与人文学科的投入在总研发基金（包括政府、高等教育机构、非营利组织和企业）中所占比例约从 4% 到 25% 不等；大多数欧洲国家在 15% 左右。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-1

These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development.

这些问题的根本原因均在于人类行为：所有这些问题不仅要求发展科技，还要求人类改变行为、进行社会革新。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-1

It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.

每天购物比每周购物要好，因为人有时难免会想换换口味。

考研二 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #2-5

Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers.

人类已经拥有了从转基因作物到人工肥料的各种必要农业技术工具来消除饥饿。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part B #2-4

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

下列哪项最合适作本文的标题？

A. Uncertainty about Our Future 人类未来的不确定性。

B. Evolution of the Human Species 人类的进化。

C. The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind 人类的光明前景。

D. Science, Technology and Humanity 科学，技术和人类。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

下列哪项最合适作本文的标题？

A. Uncertainty about Our Future 人类未来的不确定性。

B. Evolution of the Human Species 人类的进化。

C. The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind 人类的光明前景。

D. Science, Technology and Humanity 科学，技术和人类。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

The IUCN's "Red List" suggests that human beings are

世界自然保护联盟《濒危物种红色名录》表明人类是____。

A. a sustained species. 一个可延续的物种

B. a threat to the environment. 世界的主导力量

C. the world's dominant power. 环境的一种威胁

D. a misplaced race. 一个错位的种族

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #Q[32]

But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

不过，我们已经拥有足够的知识，有能力降低曾经威胁前人生存的许多危险，并改善后人的命运。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #7-3

You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

你甚至可能会禁不住认为人类几乎没有未来可以期待了。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #2-2

Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.

（我们相信）科学和技术会解决人类的一切难题，使所有人都过上富有成就感与机遇的生活。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-2

Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

鲍勃·利奥狄斯认为将“禁止追踪”设为默认状态____。

A. may cut the number of junk ads. 可能减少垃圾广告的数量

B. fails to affect the ad industry. 影响不到广告行业

C. will not benefit consumers. 不会受益于消费者

D. goes against human nature. 与人性相悖

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[D]

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings.

大多数人坚持使用默认设置，这是人性使然。

考研一 2013年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-2

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.

在这些寻找语言普遍性的努力中，最著名的一次由诺姆·乔姆斯基做出。他认为人类与生俱来就具有一种支配普遍语法的先天性语言习得能力。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #5-1

Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.

正如人类各种令人眼花缭乱的示爱仪式都可能被看作性选择的形式，世界上的语言、音乐、社会宗教习俗，甚至历史，也可能受普遍性制约。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #3-3

Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

这里，达尔文学说似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-2

Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

这里，达尔文学说似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-2

Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

下载和消费的文化需要高超的技能，但是如果不能超越下载模式，则无异于剥夺了人之所以为人的定义性要素。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-2

Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.

当然，正是这些额外事物定义了人类文化，并最终定义了什么是人。

考研一 2012年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-1

Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ___.

本杰明·弗里德曼认为经济大萧条会 ____。

A. impose a heavier burden on immigrants 对移民造成更大负担

B. bring out more evils of human nature 使人性中更丑恶的因素凸显

C. promote the advance of rights and freedoms 推动权利和自由进步

D. ease conflicts between races and classes 缓解种族和阶级间冲突

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[B]

Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may bring out more evils of human nature.

本杰明·弗里德曼认为经济大萧条会 ____。

A. impose a heavier burden on immigrants 对移民造成更大负担

B. bring out more evils of human nature 使人性中更丑恶的因素凸显

C. promote the advance of rights and freedoms 推动权利和自由进步

D. ease conflicts between races and classes 缓解种族和阶级间冲突

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #Q[38]

According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for ___.

Hans Sauer认为，公司们急于就 ____ 获取专利。

A. discovering gene interactions 发现基因相互作用

B. establishing disease correlations 建立疾病关联

C. drawing pictures of genes 绘制基因图

D. identifying human DNA 识别人类DNA

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain.

公司已不大可能就“人类DNA分子”申请许多专利—大多数该类基因早已被申请专利，或是属于公共领域。

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-2

Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades - by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented.

此前数十年，公司们一直在享有分离DNA的专利—截止到 2005 年，约 20% 的人类基因已被申请专利。

考研二 2012年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #1-2

Pyle was famous for covering the |14| side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were |15| or what towns were captured or liberated.

派尔因报道战争|人性化|的一面而著称，他报道那些满身污垢、积雪和泥土的士兵，而不是关注|行军|多少英里抑或占领或解放了哪些城镇。

A. human人的，有人情味的

B. military军事的，军人的

C. political政治的，党派的

D. ethical伦理的，道德的

A. ruined毁灭，荒废

B. commuted上下班往返，经常往返（于两地）

C. patrolled巡逻，巡查

D. gained赢得，获得

考研二 2012年 S1 完形填空 #3-4

If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.

如果环境总是能够决定人们的人生和前途，那人类就永远不会进步。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #5-3

So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

因此，许多人文学科的学生在结束了十年论文写作之后却放弃自己的专业，去从事他们没有受过专业训练的工作。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-6

But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later.

但是愿意学习人文学科的学生却减少了：1970 至 1971 年间英语系授予的学士学位比 20 年后还要多。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-4

His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on.

他主要关注的是人文学科：文学、语言、哲学等。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #B-1

But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years.

但是，（你）通常需要花费九年时间才能取得人文学科博士学位。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-3

No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.

没有哪个学科像人文学科那样热切地专注于专业化。

考研一 2011年 S2 阅读 Part B #A-1

It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry |13| they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

19 世纪末有人认为，人们并不是|因为|悲伤而哭泣，而是当眼泪开始流下来的时候才变得悲伤。

A. unless除非，如果不（表条件）

B. until直到……为止（表时间）

C. if如果（表条件）

D. because因为（表原因）

考研一 2011年 S1 完形填空 #3-4

If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

每个机构的最终价值在于其对人的独特影响，如果人类在这一认识上有所进展，那么我们大可相信这一经验教训在很大程度上是从与年轻人的交往中获得的。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-5

But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.

但是在与年轻人打交道时，人际交往本身作为一种直接的人为事实得到了重视。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #2-1

Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

即便是现在，在我们的工业生活中，除了勤奋和节约等某些价值观之外，整个世界运行所依赖的人类交往的各种形式中存在的智力和情感反应，与物质产出相比，受到的关注很少。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #1-6

He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

他认为人类进化的特点在于他称之为“适者生存”的竞争，在这场竞争中，弱小的种族和社会终将被更强大，更先进的种族和社会所取代。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part B #C-1

In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.

为了尽可能全面地研究特定的文化，他熟练掌握了语言学（对语言的研究）和体质人类学（对人体生理特征和解剖结构的研究）。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part B #B-1

Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists.

摩尔根帮助创立了现代人类学——对人类社会、习俗和信仰的科学研究——因此成为最早的人类学家之一。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part B #3-2

Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.

斯宾塞认为，世间万象，包括人类社会，都随着时间而变化，趋向完善。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part B #1-2

As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.

随着教育的改善，人类生产力潜能也得到了提高。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-1

Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

只有当人类开始更有效率地获取食物之后，他们才有考虑其他事情的时间。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-5

Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively.

20 世纪 60 年代晚期的研究者们发现，人生来具有以四种基本方式应对挑战的能力：分析地、按流程地、联系地（或协作地）、创新地（应对挑战）。

考研一 2009年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #6-2

|18|, they would hope to study a(n) |19| question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?

|最重要的是|，它们希望研究一个|根本的|问题：人类是否真正了解自己所生存的世界？

A. Above all最重要的是，尤其是

B. After all终究；毕竟

C. However然而，仍然

D. Otherwise否则，要不然；除此以外

A. fundamental根本的；最重要的

B. comprehensive详尽的，（几乎）无所不包的

C. equivalent（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的

D. hostile充满敌意的

考研一 2009年 S1 完形填空 #4-5

They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really |17|, not merely how much of it there is.

它们会试图判定人类智力的真正|用途|，而不仅仅是人类智力的高低。

A. at在（某时间或时刻）；在（学习或工作地点）

B. for为了；（表示用途）供

C. after之后；（时间）在…后

D. with具有；和；用

考研一 2009年 S1 完形填空 #4-4

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would |13| on humans if they had the chance.

对动物智力的研究也让我们想知道：如果动物有机会的话，它们会对人类|做|什么样的实验。

A. deliver发表；实现，履行

B. carry拿，提，搬，背，运送，携带

C. perform做，履行，执行

D. apply使用，应用

考研一 2009年 S1 完形填空 #4-1

Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.

对动物智力的研究总是让我们想知道人类到底有多聪明。

考研一 2009年 S1 完形填空 #1-1

We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future

从最后一段我们可以知道在不久的将来____。

A. the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size. 服装业将重新考虑制服尺码

B. the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged. 军服的设计将保持不变

C. genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen. 基因检测将被应用到选择运动员上

D. the existing data of human height will still be applicable. 现在的人类身高数据将来仍然适用

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[D]

The text intends to tell us that

本文旨在告诉我们____。

A. the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern. 人类身高的变化遵循循环模式

B. human height is becoming even more predictable. 人类身高在变得更加可以预测

C. Americans have reached their genetic growth limit. 美国人已经达到其基因增长极限

D. the genetic pattern of Americans has altered. 美国人的基因模式已经改变

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

作者很可能同意下面哪种论述？

A. Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation. 非美国人增加了美国的平均身高。

B. Human height is conditioned by the upright posture. 人类身高受直立姿势的制约。

C. Americans are the tallest on average in the world. 美国人是世界上平均身高最高的人。

D. Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood. 较大的婴儿在成年后往往身材较高。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[B]

The text intends to tell us that

本文旨在告诉我们____。

A. the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern. 人类身高的变化遵循循环模式

B. human height is becoming even more predictable. 人类身高在变得更加可以预测

C. Americans have reached their genetic growth limit. 美国人已经达到其基因增长极限

D. the genetic pattern of Americans has altered. 美国人的基因模式已经改变

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #选项[A]

And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident. "

她还说，如果你需要预测在不久的将来人类的身高以设计一件装备，那基本上“你可以非常有把握地使用当前数据”。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #5-4

Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.

此外，尽管人类已经直立行走了几百万年，但两足和背部仍继续同两足行走的姿势相抗衡，因而难以轻易承受过大过长的肢体反复施加的压力。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 3 #4-3

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.

对动物和人的研究都表明性激素会以某种方式影响压力反应，导致处于压力下的雌性比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。

考研一 2008年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #2-1

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only |7| that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.

他与另外两位科学家一起发表了一篇论文，其中不仅|表明|某人类族群比其他族群智商更高，而且阐明了导致这一现象的过程。

A. advises建议

B. suggests建议；显示，（间接）表明

C. protests抗议；断言

D. objects反对，不赞成

考研一 2008年 S1 完形填空 #2-2

What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

从第三段可以推出关于智力测试的什么结论？

A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. 人们不再使用智商分数作为智力的（衡量）指标。

B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. 现在互联网上有更多版本的 IQ 测试。

C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. 针对成人和儿童的测试内容和形式可能有所不同。

D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 科学家已经明确了人类智力中的重要因素。

考研一 2007年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[D]

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.

尽管如今 IQ 测试已经不像以前那么频繁地被使用，但 IQ 分数似乎仍是定义人类智力的术语。

考研一 2007年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-1

Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in "public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson would say, is something else.

精通某个人类学科是一回事；而如爱默生所说的过一种“心系大众、思想卓越”的生活，是另外一回事。

考研一 2006年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #4-4

Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.

像其他人一样，科学家即使在行使日常职责时也会遇到道德问题——他不应该篡改实验，编造证据，或修改报告。

考研一 2006年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #3-3

They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

他们可能教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考。

考研一 2006年 S2 阅读 Part C 翻译 #3-2

To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

麦荷特最可能赞同下面哪一项论述？

A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk. 逻辑思维不一定和我们说话的方式相关。

B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English. 黑人英语比标准英语更具表达力。

C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining. 非标准种类的人类语言同样有趣。

D. Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas. 在所有语言种类中，标准英语最能表达复杂的思想。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #选项[C]

As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.

作为语言学家，麦荷特承认人类各种各样的语言，包括像黑人英语这样的非标准语言，都具有强大的表达力——世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言或方言。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 4 #4-3

The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that

第一段最后一行的陈述 it is all too monkey 暗示____。

A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. 猴子也会被懒散的对手激怒

B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature. 厌恶不公也是猴子的天性

C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. 猴子往往会和人一样相互妒忌

D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions. 除了猴子，没有其他动物可以产生这样的情感

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #选项[C]

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

根据最后一段我们可以推知什么？

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. 通过训练，猴子可以形成社会情感。

B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. 人类的愤怒源自什么不得而知。

C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. 动物通常像人类一样公开表达它们的情感。

D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 猴子之间的合作只有在野外才能保持稳定。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #选项[C]

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

根据最后一段我们可以推知什么？

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. 通过训练，猴子可以形成社会情感。

B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. 人类的愤怒源自什么不得而知。

C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. 动物通常像人类一样公开表达它们的情感。

D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 猴子之间的合作只有在野外才能保持稳定。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #选项[B]

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受到社会情感的支配。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #5-1

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受到社会情感的支配。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #5-1

Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.

最重要的是，像人类女性一样，它们往往比雄性更注重“物品与服务”的价值。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #2-4

Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

这样的行为被认为是“人之常情”，其潜在假设是其他动物不具有这种高度发达的委屈意识。

考研一 2005年 S2 阅读 Part A Text 1 #1-4

Our noses are capable of |7| human smells even when these are |8| to far below one part in one million.

即使把人类气味的浓度|稀释|到远不及原来的百万分之一，我们的鼻子仍然能够|察觉|到它们的存在。

A. distinguishing辨别；看清，认出，听出

B. discovering（首次）发现；了解到，发觉

C. determining查明（事实），确定，测定

D. detecting发觉，察觉

A. diluted使稀释，变淡；削弱，降低

B. dissolved溶解

C. dispersed分散，疏散，散开

D. diffused使（热量、气体等）扩散；传播

考研一 2005年 S1 完形填空 #1-5

Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, |1| this is largely because, |2| animals, we stand upright.

人类通常被认为嗅觉不如动物灵敏，|但|这主要由于，|和|动物|不同|，我们是直立的。

A. although虽然；但是，然而

B. as因为

C. but但是

D. while虽然；相比而言

A. above在上面，上述的

B. unlike不像……，和……不同

C. excluding不包括，排除在外

D. besides除……之外还

考研一 2005年 S1 完形填空 #1-2

The human nose is an underrated tool.

人类鼻子的功用没有得到应有的认识。

考研一 2005年 S1 完形填空 #1-1

This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life.

这一见解中简单的概述却寓意深刻，为观察和理解人类生活提供了一个全新的方法。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #6-4

All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.

所有社会科学都集中于对人类的研究。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #5-1

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #3-2

Anthropology derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of. "

anthropology 一词源自希腊词根 anthropos（人类）和 logos（研究）。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #2-1

Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.

因此，以冷静而系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性十分重要，因为人们希望这些研究的成果能让人类内部以及人类与地球上其他生命形态之间都能够和睦相处。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-4

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他生命形态服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-3

Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.

人类善于思考而且又富于创造，具有永不满足的好奇心。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-2

Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.

各个时期各个地区的人都在思考着他们共有的世界，并对自己在其中的位置感到好奇。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-1

Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.

科研机构应该对外开放，以展示动物在实验室中得到了人道关怀。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-4

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.

科学家必须用一种富于同情心和易于理解的方式把他们的信息传达给公众——用人性的语言，而不是分子生物学的术语。

考研一 2003年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-1

One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-3

Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.

几乎我们所有的问题都涉及到人类行为，这些问题不能单纯依靠物理学和生物技术就得以解决。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part B 翻译 #1-1

Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

除了能够节省劳力外，机器人还能____。

A. make a few decisions for themselves. 自己做些决定

B. deal with some errors with human intervention. 在人为干预下处理一些错误

C. improve factory environments. 改善工厂的环境

D. cultivate human creativity. 培养人类的创造性

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[D]

The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

作者以猴子为例是为了说明机器人____。

A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure. 有望复制人脑的内部结构

B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately. 能够立即感知异常现象

C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. 在聚焦相关信息方面远不如人脑

D. best used in a controlled environment. 在受控的环境下使用得最好

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[C]

According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can

根据文章，现在超出人类能力范围的是设计一种机器人能____。

A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. 完成类似于做大脑手术这样精细的任务

B. interact with human beings verbally. 与人进行口头交流

C. have a little common sense. 有一点点常识

D. respond independently to a changing world. 独立地应对不断变化的世界

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[B]

Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

除了能够节省劳力外，机器人还能____。

A. make a few decisions for themselves. 自己做些决定

B. deal with some errors with human intervention. 在人为干预下处理一些错误

C. improve factory environments. 改善工厂的环境

D. cultivate human creativity. 培养人类的创造性

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[B]

The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

作者以猴子为例是为了说明机器人____。

A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure. 有望复制人脑的内部结构

B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately. 能够立即感知异常现象

C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. 在聚焦相关信息方面远不如人脑

D. best used in a controlled environment. 在受控的环境下使用得最好

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #选项[A]

Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

除了能够节省劳力外，机器人还能____。

A. make a few decisions for themselves. 自己做些决定

B. deal with some errors with human intervention. 在人为干预下处理一些错误

C. improve factory environments. 改善工厂的环境

D. cultivate human creativity. 培养人类的创造性

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[49]

Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in

人类创造力最初表现在____。

A. the use of machines to produce science fiction. 使用机器去创作科幻小说

B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造业中机器的广泛使用

C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. 发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作

D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. 精英们对危险和乏味的工作的巧妙处理

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #Q[46]

But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.

但是人脑只要瞥一眼快速变化的场景，就能迅速排除 98% 的不相干信息——立即聚焦于蜿蜒的森林小路边的一只猴子，或者一大群人中的一张可疑面孔上。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-3

What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.

在试图模拟人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑的近一千亿个神经细胞远比以前想象的更聪明，人类的感知能力也复杂得多。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #5-1

Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

尽管在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代有过一段最初的乐观时期——那时候晶体管电路和微处理器的发展似乎使人们相信到 2010 年就能实现复制人脑——但最近研究人员已开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #4-2

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.

但若想机器人更深入地实现节省劳力的效用，它们就必须要能在更少的人工监控下运行，且至少能够独立地做一些决定。这些目标引起一项真正的挑战。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #3-1

As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.

由此带来的结果是，智能装置日益遍布现代社会，虽然我们几乎注意不到它们的存在，但其普遍存在的确解放了大量人类劳动力。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #2-1

That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.

这种欲望导致了机器人学（将人的各种技能赋予机器的科学）的诞生。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-2

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.

从初具创造力时起，人类就一直在设计日益灵巧的工具来处理那些危险、枯燥、繁重或只是令人不快的工作。

考研一 2002年 S3 阅读 Part A Text 2 #1-1

A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, also example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.

比如，到 2010 年，住宅区附近监视器数量的剧增将引发问题；仿真机器人意味着人类可能无法区分同类朋友和这些机器人伙伴。

考研一 2001年 P4 翻译 #6-4

However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible.

然而，对于何时能够进行超光速旅行，何时人类克隆技术能够得以完善，何时可以进行时间旅行，却依然没有预见。

考研一 2001年 P4 翻译 #6-2

Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.

皮尔森还预言，在计算机与人的连接上会有一个重大突破。

考研一 2001年 P4 翻译 #5-1

But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. "

但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。 ”

考研一 2001年 P4 翻译 #4-3

The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which |43| the European Convention on Human Rights legally |44| in Britain, laid down that everybody was |45| to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

大法官说《人权法案》的引入|使|《欧洲人权公约》在英国具有了法律|约束力|。它规定每个人都|享有|隐私权，公众人物可以走上法庭去保护自己和家人。

A. changes改变，变革，改造

B. makes使变得，使成为……

C. sets使处于某种状态，使开始

D. turns（使）成为，变成（另外一种状态）

A. binding必须遵守的，有法律约束力的

B. convincing令人信服的，具有说服力的

C. restraining抑制的，遏制的，阻止的

D. sustaining支撑的，持久性的

A. authorized被授权做……

B. credited把（尤指功劳、好的品质或特点等）归于……，认为属于……

C. entitled有权……，有资格……；能胜任

D. qualified（做某事、某件工作）具备必要的知识、技能等，能胜任

考研一 2001年 P2 完形填空 #5-1

Those things that do not show up in the test scores-personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored, says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee.

“考分反映不出的那些东西——品格、能力、勇气和仁爱之心——完全被忽视，”执政的自民党教育委员会主席 Toshiki Kaifu 说。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #3-2

The author believes that Futurist poetry is _____.

作者认为未来派诗歌____。

A. based on reasonable principles 建立在合理的原则之上

B. new and acceptable to ordinary people 对普通人来说是新生的、可接受的

C. indicative of a basic change in human nature 反映了人性的基本变化

D. more of a transient phenomenon than literature 与其说是文学，不如说是一种短暂现象

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #选项[C]

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

下面哪一项是文章最好的题目？

A. Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution. 人类进化中性别比例的改变。

B. Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution. 延续人类进化的方法。

C. The Evolutionary Future of Nature. 自然进化的未来。

D. Human Evolution Going Nowhere. 人类进化尚无定论。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #选项[D]

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

下面哪一项是文章最好的题目？

A. Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution. 人类进化中性别比例的改变。

B. Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution. 延续人类进化的方法。

C. The Evolutionary Future of Nature. 自然进化的未来。

D. Human Evolution Going Nowhere. 人类进化尚无定论。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 2 #选项[A]

What can be inferred from the passage?

从本文中可以推出什么？

A. It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. 在自我怀疑与盲目骄傲之间来回转变是人的本性。

B. Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. 激烈竞争有可能促进经济发展。

C. The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. 经济复苏取决于国际合作。

D. A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 持续成功的历史可能为进一步的发展铺平道路。

考研一 2000年 P3 阅读 Passage 1 #选项[A]

effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife

考研一 1999年 Part V Writing (15 points) #1-1

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.

从最后一段可以推知____。

A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely 某些 NBAC 成员对完全禁止克隆人表示犹豫不决

B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time 禁止克隆人的一项法律将很快被通过

C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal 私人基金资助的研究人员将会积极响应 NBAC 的呼吁

D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled 克隆人的问题将很快得到解决

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[D]

The panel agreed on all of the following except that _____.

专家组对以下内容观点一致，除了____。

A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law 联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令应该被制定成法律

B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control 克隆人体 DNA 不应受到更多的限制

C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning 使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行为

D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 克隆人违背了道德价值观

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[D]

The panel agreed on all of the following except that _____.

专家组对以下内容观点一致，除了____。

A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law 联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令应该被制定成法律

B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control 克隆人体 DNA 不应受到更多的限制

C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning 使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行为

D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 克隆人违背了道德价值观

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[C]

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.

从最后一段可以推知____。

A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely 某些 NBAC 成员对完全禁止克隆人表示犹豫不决

B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time 禁止克隆人的一项法律将很快被通过

C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal 私人基金资助的研究人员将会积极响应 NBAC 的呼吁

D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled 克隆人的问题将很快得到解决

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[B]

The panel agreed on all of the following except that _____.

专家组对以下内容观点一致，除了____。

A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law 联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令应该被制定成法律

B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control 克隆人体 DNA 不应受到更多的限制

C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning 使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行为

D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 克隆人违背了道德价值观

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[B]

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.

从最后一段可以推知____。

A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely 某些 NBAC 成员对完全禁止克隆人表示犹豫不决

B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time 禁止克隆人的一项法律将很快被通过

C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal 私人基金资助的研究人员将会积极响应 NBAC 的呼吁

D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled 克隆人的问题将很快得到解决

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[A]

The panel agreed on all of the following except that _____.

专家组对以下内容观点一致，除了____。

A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law 联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令应该被制定成法律

B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control 克隆人体 DNA 不应受到更多的限制

C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning 使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行为

D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 克隆人违背了道德价值观

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[A]

We can learn from the first paragraph that _____.

从第一段我们可以知道____。

A. federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans 联邦基金已被用于一个克隆人的项目中

B. the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning 白宫对有关克隆的这一消息反应强烈

C. NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique NBAC 被授权控制克隆技术的滥用

D. the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning 白宫已经得到专家组关于克隆问题的建议

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #选项[A]

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely.

从最后一段可以推知____。

A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely 某些 NBAC 成员对完全禁止克隆人表示犹豫不决

B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time 禁止克隆人的一项法律将很快被通过

C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal 私人基金资助的研究人员将会积极响应 NBAC 的呼吁

D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled 克隆人的问题将很快得到解决

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #Q[66]

The panel agreed on all of the following except that it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning.

专家组对以下内容观点一致，除了____。

A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law 联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令应该被制定成法律

B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control 克隆人体 DNA 不应受到更多的限制

C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning 使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行为

D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 克隆人违背了道德价值观

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #Q[64]

But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.

但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #5-2

NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.

NBAC 的成员也表示，他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #5-1

Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止将联邦基金用于制造胚胎以用于研究（人类后代出生前的最早阶段）或有意危及胚胎的生命，所以 NBAC 在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #4-2

In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".

在 5 月 17 日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆婴儿是违背道德伦理的”。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #3-1

The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议将私人资金用于克隆人的行为定性为犯罪进行立法。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #2-3

But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells—routine in molecular biology.

但是，NBAC 成员们正计划对此建议严谨措辞，以避免给克隆人体 DNA 或细胞的研究——分子生物学研究中的常规课题——带来新的限制。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #2-2

NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.

NBAC 将要求无限期延长克林顿总统关于联邦资金用于克隆人研究的 90 天禁令，并且可能将之立法。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #2-1

Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

他声明反对利用这种不寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人类，并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在 90 天内就有关克隆人的国家政策问题上给出建议，向白宫汇报。

考研一 1999年 P3 阅读 Passage 4 #1-2

Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.

数十亿年来，这种气体在引力的压缩下形成星系、恒星、植物，甚至最终产生人类。

考研一 1998年 P4 翻译 #2-3

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to _____.

第二、三段的写作目的是____。

A. discuss the cause of the decline of science's power 讨论科学影响力下降的原因

B. show the author's sympathy with scientists 表示作者对科学家的同情

C. explain the way in which science develops 说明科学发展的方式

D. exemplify the division of science and the humanities 例证说明科学和人文的分歧

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #选项[D]

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to exemplify the division of science and the humanities.

第二、三段的写作目的是____。

A. discuss the cause of the decline of science's power 讨论科学影响力下降的原因

B. show the author's sympathy with scientists 表示作者对科学家的同情

C. explain the way in which science develops 说明科学发展的方式

D. exemplify the division of science and the humanities 例证说明科学和人文的分歧

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #Q[60]

The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

科学与人文之间这一分歧在本世纪甚至进一步加深。

考研一 1998年 P3 阅读 Passage 3 #1-3